KAJIAN TERHADAP KES-KES PENENTUAN STATUS AGAMA DI MALAYSIA
STUDY OF CASES ON THE DETERMINATION OF RELIGIOUS STATUS IN MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/dhdyjx08Keywords:
Keluar agama, murtad, penentuan status agama, semakan kehakiman, leaving or renouncing religion, apostasy, determination of religious status, judicial reviewAbstract
Applications for the determination of religious status in Malaysia are not a new phenomenon. This paper aims to highlight the actual reality of cases brought before the Shariah courts and civil courts. By analyzing cases reported in various legal journals, this study finds a diversity of applications. Not all applications are filed in the Shariah courts. There are also applications submitted to the civil courts, such as those seeking to leave a religion or to request judicial review to challenge the decisions of the Shariah courts and the National Registration Department, which have rejected their applications to change their religion or name. Applications for determining religious status that are approved by the Shariah courts are limited to cases involving confusion about religion and do not include cases involving individuals who were originally Muslims seeking to leave the religion. In conclusion, the Shariah courts are found to be extremely cautious in making decisions regarding the determination of a person’s religious status. This study also emphasizes the elements of SDG 10 (Reducing Inequalities) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) by underlining the importance of ensuring fair and non-discriminatory access to justice. This emphasis is crucial for building inclusive and accountable judicial institutions in addressing issues related to religious rights in Malaysia.
Abstrak
Permohonan penentuan status agama di Malaysia bukanlah sesuatu yang baru. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan realiti sebenar kedudukan kes-kes yang berlaku di mahkamah syariah dan mahkamah sivil. Dengan menganalisis kes-kes yang dilaporkan dalam pelbagai jurnal undang-undang, kajian ini mendapati terdapat pelbagai kepelbagaian dalam permohonan. Tidak semua permohonan dibuat di mahkamah syariah. Terdapat juga permohonan yang dibuat ke mahkamah sivil untuk memohon keluar agama dan memohon semakan kehakiman untuk mencabar keputusan mahkamah syariah dan Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara yang menolak permohonan mereka untuk menukar agama dan menukar nama. Permohonan penentuan status agama yang diluluskan oleh mahkamah syariah hanya melibatkan kes kekeliruan mengenai agama dan bukannya kes membabitkan orang Islam asal yang ingin keluar agama. Sebagai rumusan, mahkamah syariah didapati amat berhati-hati dalam membuat keputusan mengenai penentuan status agama seseorang. Kajian ini turut memberi perhatian kepada elemen SDG 10 (Mengurangkan Ketidaksamaan) dan SDG 16 (Kedamaian, Keadilan, dan Institusi Kukuh) dengan menekankan keperluan untuk memastikan akses kepada keadilan yang adil dan tidak diskriminasi. Penekanan ini penting bagi membina institusi kehakiman yang inklusif dan bertanggungjawab dalam menangani isu-isu berkaitan hak agama di Malaysia.
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